Uri kufunga kuti ungasarudza sei tsvimbo dzekunamira dzakanamira dzakakodzera kushandisa?
Wana mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve stick electrode.
Ungave uri nyanzvi yekugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira inonamira ma welds kashoma pagore kana kuti uri nyanzvi yekunamira inonamira zuva nezuva, chinhu chimwe chete chine chokwadi: Kunamira kunoda hunyanzvi hwakawanda. Zvinodawo ruzivo nezve ma stick electrodes (anonziwo welding rods).
Nekuti zvinhu zvakaita senzira dzekuchengetedza, dhayamita yeelectrode uye kuumbwa kweflux zvese zvinobatsira pakusarudza tsvimbo dzematanda uye mashandiro adzo, kuzvigadzirira ruzivo rwekutanga kunogona kukubatsira kuderedza kuvhiringidzika uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti tambo dzematanda dzinobudirira.
1. Ndeapi ma electrode etsvimbo anonyanya kushandiswa?
Mazana, kana asiri zviuru, ema stick electrodes aripo, asi chinonyanya kufarirwa muAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specification yeCarbon Steel Electrodes yeShielded Metal Arc Welding. Izvi zvinosanganisira ma electrodes eE6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 uye E7018.
2. Zvinorevei kupatsanurwa kweAWS stick electrode?
Kuti zvibatsire kuona ma stick electrodes, AWS inoshandisa standardized classfiiation style. Kupatsanura kunotora chimiro chenhamba nemavara akadhindwa pamativi ema stick electrodes, uye chimwe nechimwe chinomiririra hunhu hwakasiyana hwe electrode.
Kune maerekitirodhi esimbi asina kusimba ataurwa pamusoro apa, heino mashandiro anoita sisitimu yeAWS:
● Vara rekuti “E” rinoratidza electrode.
● Manhamba maviri ekutanga anomiririra simba rekudhonza reweld rinobuda, richiyerwa mumapaundi pa sikweya inch (psi). Semuenzaniso, nhamba 70 mu electrode yeE7018 inoratidza kuti electrode ichagadzira bead rekudhonza rine simba rekudhonza re70,000 psi.
● Nhamba yechitatu inomiririra nzvimbo yekunamira iyo electrode inogona kushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, 1 zvinoreva kuti electrode inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzese uye 2 zvinoreva kuti inogona kushandiswa pamatanda ekuisa zvidimbu zvakatsetseka uye zvakatwasuka chete.
● Nhamba yechina inomiririra rudzi rwekuputira uye rudzi rwemagetsi ekuwelding (AC, DC kana zvese) zvinogona kushandiswa neelectrode.
3. Ndeapi musiyano uripo pakati pemaelectrode eE6010, E6011, E6012 neE6013 uye anofanira kushandiswa riini?
● Maelectrode eE6010 anogona kushandiswa chete nemagetsi emagetsi akananga (DC). Anopinda zvakadzika uye anokwanisa kuchera ngura, mafuta, pendi netsvina. Vazhinji vane ruzivo rwekupinza mapaipi vanoshandisa maelectrode aya ese-nzvimbo pakuisa midzi papombi. Zvisinei, maelectrode eE6010 ane arc yakasimba kwazvo, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti aome kune vanotanga kupinza mapaipi.
● Maelectrode eE6011 anogonawo kushandiswa pakushongedza nzvimbo dzese uchishandisa simba rekushongedza remagetsi rinochinja-chinja (AC). Kufanana nemaelectrode eE6010, maelectrode eE6011 anogadzira arc yakadzika, inopinda inocheka nesimbi dzakaora kana dzisina kuchena. Vazhinji vanoshongedza vanosarudza maelectrode eE6011 ekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kana simba remagetsi reDC risipo.
● Maelectrode eE6012 anoshanda zvakanaka mukushandiswa kunoda kuvharwa kwemupata pakati pemajoini maviri. Vazhinji vanowelders vane hunyanzvi vanosarudzawo maelectrode eE6012 ewelds dzinomhanya, dzine simba remagetsi rakawanda munzvimbo yakatwasuka, asi maelectrode aya anowanzo gadzira chimiro chekupinda chisina kudzika uye slag yakakora iyo inoda kucheneswa kwakawedzerwa mushure mekuwelder.
● Maelectrode eE6013 anogadzira arc yakapfava isina kupfapfaidza zvakanyanya, anopa kupinda kuri pakati nepakati uye ane slag inobviswa nyore nyore. Maelectrode aya anofanirwa kushandiswa chete kusanganisa simbi itsva yakachena uye yakachena.
4. Ndeapi musiyano uripo pakati pemaelectrode eE7014, E7018 neE7024 uye anofanira kushandiswa riini?
● Maelectrode eE7014 anogadzira kupinda kwemajoini kwakafanana nemaelectrode eE6012 uye akagadzirirwa kushandiswa pasimbi dzekabhoni nesimbi dzisina alloy. Maelectrode eE7014 ane huwandu hwakawanda hweupfu hwesimbi, izvo zvinowedzera mwero wekuisa. Anogona zvakare kushandiswa pamaamperage akakwira kupfuura maelectrode eE6012.
● Maelectrode eE7018 ane flux yakakora ine huwandu hwakawanda hweupfu uye ndeimwe yemaelectrode ari nyore kushandisa. Maelectrode aya anogadzira arc yakatsetseka, yakanyarara isina kupararira zvakanyanya uye inopinda nepakati pe arc. Vazhinji vanowelder vanoshandisa maelectrode eE7018 kuwelder simbi dzakakora dzakadai sesimbi yekuvaka. Maelectrode eE7018 anogadzirawo welds dzakasimba dzine hunhu hwepamusoro (kunyangwe mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora) uye anogona kushandiswa pasimbi yekabhoni, simbi ine kabhoni yakawanda, simbi ine alloy shoma kana simbi ine simba rakawanda.
● Maelectrode eE7024 ane huwandu hwakawanda hweupfu hwesimbi hunobatsira kuwedzera huwandu hwekuisa. Vazhinji vanowelder vanoshandisa maelectrode eE7024 pakugadzira mahombe ehombe kana kuti akatsetseka. Maelectrode aya anoshanda zvakanaka paplate yesimbi ine ukobvu hweinenge 1/4-inch. Anogonawo kushandiswa pasimbi dzine ukobvu hweinopfuura 1/2-inch.
5. Ndingasarudza sei electrode yetsvimbo?
Kutanga, sarudza electrode inonamira inoenderana nesimba uye maumbirwo esimbi yesimbi. Semuenzaniso, kana uchishanda pasimbi isina kusimba, kazhinji chero electrode yeE60 kana E70 inoshanda.
Tevere, enzanisa rudzi rwe electrode nenzvimbo yekuwelding uye funga nezvesimba riripo. Yeuka, mamwe ma electrode anogona kushandiswa chete ne DC kana AC, nepo mamwe ma electrode anogona kushandiswa ne DC ne AC.
Ongorora dhizaini yemajoini uye kugadzika kwayo wosarudza electrode inopa hunhu hwakanakisa hwekupinza (kuchera, hwepakati kana hwakareruka). Paunenge uchishanda pajoini rine kugadzika kwakasimba kana risina kuchekwa, maelectrode akadai seE6010 kana E6011 achapa ma arc ekuchera kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anopinda zvakakwana. Kune zvinhu zvitete kana ma joini ane midzi yakafara, sarudza electrode ine arc yakareruka kana yakapfava senge E6013.
Kuti usapwanye welding pamidziyo yakakora, inorema uye/kana magadzirirwo akaomarara emajoini, sarudza electrode ine ductility yakanyanya. Fungawo nezvemamiriro ebasa ayo chikamu chichasangana nawo uye zvinodiwa zvachinofanira kusangana nazvo. Chichashandiswa here munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera, tembiricha yakakwira kana shock-loading? Pamashandisirwo aya, electrode ine hydrogen E7018 yakaderera inoshanda zvakanaka.
Fungawo nezvekushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira. Paunenge uchishanda wakatsetseka, maerekitirodhi ane hupfu hwakawanda hwesimbi, senge E7014 kana E7024, anopa mwero wepamusoro wekuisa zvinhu.
Pakushandisa kwakakosha, gara uchitarisa zvinodiwa pakuwelda uye maitiro emhando yeelectrode.
6. Kuyerera kwakakomberedza electrode yetsvimbo kunoshanda basa rei?
Maelectrode ese anonamira ane tsvimbo yakakomberedzwa nejira rinonzi flux, iro rinoshanda mabasa akakosha. Chaizvoizvo flux, kana kuti chifukidziro, chiri paelectrode ndicho chinoraira kuti electrode ingashandiswa kupi uye sei.
Kana arc ikarohwa, flux inopisa uye inogadzira maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari akaomarara. Sezvo zvinhu zvinoyerera zvichitsva mu welding arc, zvinoburitsa gasi rinodzivirira kudzivirira weld pool yakanyungudutswa kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kana weld pool yatonhora, flux inogadzira slag kudzivirira weld simbi kubva mukuoxidation uye kudzivirira porosity mu weld bead.
Flux inewo zvinhu zvinoita kuti arc igadzikane (kunyanya kana uchibatanidza neAC power source), pamwe chete ne alloys dzinoita kuti weld irambe yakasimba uye ishande zvakanaka.
Mamwe maerekitirodhi anoshandisa flux ine huwandu hwakawanda hweupfu hwesimbi kubatsira kuwedzera mwero wekuisa zvinhu, nepo mamwe aine ma deoxidizer akawedzerwa anoshanda senzira yekuchenesa uye anogona kupinda mumaworkpiece ane ngura kana tsvina kana mu mill scale.
7. Electrode yekuisa danda rakakwirira inofanira kushandiswa riini?
Maelectrode ane mwero wekuisa zvinhu anogona kubatsira kupedzisa basa nekukurumidza, asi maelectrode aya ane miganhu. Hupfu hwesimbi huri mumaelectrode aya hunoita kuti dziva re weld riwedzere kunyorova, zvichireva kuti maelectrode ane mwero wekuisa zvinhu haagone kushandiswa mumabasa asina kurongeka.
Hazvigone kushandiswawo pakushandisa zvinhu zvakakosha kana zvinodiwa nekodhi, zvakaita sekugadzira mudziyo wepressure kana boiler, uko ma weld beads anowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya.
Maelectrode ane ma "high deposition electrodes" akakodzera kushandiswa zvisina kukosha, sekusanganisa tangi rekuchengetera mvura kana zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi isina chimiro pamwe chete.
8. Ndeipi nzira yakakodzera yekuchengetedza nekuomesazve maerekitirodhi etsvimbo?
Nzvimbo inopisa uye ine hunyoro hushoma ndiyo nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuchengetera maerekitironi anonamatira. Semuenzaniso, maerekitironi akawanda esimbi isina simba, hydrogen shoma E7018 anofanira kuchengetwa patembiricha iri pakati pe250- ne300-degrees Fahrenheit.
Kazhinji, tembiricha dzekugadzirisa maerekitironi dzakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yekuchengetera, izvo zvinobatsira kubvisa hunyoro hwakawandisa. Kuti ugadzirise maerekitironi ehydrogen E7018 asina kudzika ataurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo yekugadzirisa inotangira pa500 kusvika 800 degrees F kweawa imwe kusvika maviri.
Mamwe maerekitirodhi, akadai seE6011, anongoda kuchengetwa akaoma patembiricha yemumba, izvo zvinotsanangurwa semazinga ehunyoro asingapfuure 70 muzana patembiricha iri pakati pe40 ne120 degrees F.
Kuti uwane nguva chaiyo yekuchengetera nekugadziridza zvinhu uye tembiricha, gara uchitarisa zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2022