Ichi chinyorwa kubva kuWenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd.
Iko kugona kunoita kuti simbi isina tsvina iwedzere kutaridzika - kugona kugadzirisa ma mechanic zvimiro uye kuramba kune corrosion uye oxidation - zvakare inowedzera kuomarara kwekusarudza yakakodzera simbi yekuzadza simbi yewelding.Kune chero yakapihwa base base material musanganiswa, chero ipi zvayo yemhando dzinoverengeka dzemaelectrode angave akakodzera, zvichienderana nemitengo yezvinhu, mamiriro ebasa, anodiwa emuchina uye nyaya dzakawanda dzine chekuita newelding.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa inodiwa tekinoroji kumashure kuti ipe muverengi kukoshesa kuomarara kwechinyorwa uye chozopindura mimwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa kune vanogadzira simbi yekuzadza.Iyo inogadza nhungamiro yakajairika yekusarudza akakodzera Stainless simbi yekuzadza simbi - uyezve inotsanangura zvese zvinosiya kune iwo nhungamiro!Chinyorwa chacho hachivharidzire maitirwo emagetsi, sezvo iri musoro wechimwe chinyorwa.
Magiredhi mana, akawanda alloying zvinhu
Pane zvikamu zvina zvakakosha zveStainless steels:
austenitic
martensitic
ferritic
Duplex
Mazita acho anotorwa kubva kune crystalline chimiro chesimbi inowanzowanikwa pakamuri yekupisa.Kana simbi yakaderera-kabhoni ichipisa pamusoro pe912degC, maatomu esimbi anorongwa patsva kubva pachimiro chinonzi ferrite patembiricha yekamuri kusvika kune chimiro chekristaro chinonzi austenite.Pakutonhora, maatomu anodzokera kune maitiro awo ekutanga, ferrite.Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha chimiro, austenite, isiri-magineti, ipurasitiki uye ine yakaderera simba uye yakakura ductility pane yekamuri tembiricha fomu yeferrite.
Kana inopfuura 16% chromium yakawedzerwa kusimbi, tembiricha yekamuri yekristaro chimiro, ferrite, inogadzikiswa uye simbi inoramba iri mu ferritic mamiriro ekupisa kwese.Saka zita rekuti ferritic Stainless simbi rinoiswa kune iyi alloy base.Kana inopfuura 17% chromium uye 7% nickel yakawedzerwa kusimbi, iyo yakakwirira-tembiricha crystalline chimiro chesimbi, austenite, inodzikamiswa kuitira kuti irambe ichienderera kune ese tembiricha kubva pakadzika zvakanyanya kusvika painonyungudika.
Austenitic Stainless simbi inowanzonzi 'chrome-nickel' mhando, uye martensitic uye ferritic simbi dzinowanzonzi 'straight chrome' mhando.Zvimwe zvinosanganisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa musimbi isina tsvina uye weld simbi zvinoita seaustenite stabilizers uye zvimwe seferrite stabilizers.Iyo inonyanya kukosha austenite stabilizers nickel, kabhoni, manganese uye nitrogen.Iyo ferrite stabilizers ndeye chromium, silicon, molybdenum uye niobium.Kuenzanisa zvinhu zvinosanganiswa kunodzora huwandu hweferrite musimbi yeweld.
Austenitic mamakisi ari nyore uye zvinogutsa welded pane ayo ane isingasviki 5% nickel.Weld majoini anogadzirwa mu austenitic Stainless simbi yakasimba, ductile uye yakaoma mune yavo se-welded mamiriro.Ivo havawanzo kuda preheat kana post-weld kupisa kurapwa.Magiredhi eAustenitic anotora chikamu che80% chesimbi isina tsvina yakakandwa, uye chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa zvakanyanya pazviri.
Tafura 1: Stainless simbi mhando uye yavo chromium uye nickel zvemukati.
kutanga{c,80%}
thead{Type|% Chromium|% Nickel|Types}
tdata{Austenitic|16 - 30%|8 - 40%|200, 300}
tdata{Martensitic|11 - 18%|0 - 5%|403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata{Ferritic|11 - 30%|0 - 4%|405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
tdata{Duplex|18 - 28%|4 - 8%|2205}
chengetedza{}
Nzira yekusarudza iyo chaiyo Stainless filler simbi
Kana hwaro hwezvinhu mumaplate ese ari maviri akafanana, nhungamiro yekutanga yaimbove, 'Tanga nekufananidza zvinhu zvepasi.'Izvo zvinoshanda zvakanaka mune zvimwe zviitiko;kujoina Type 310 kana 316, sarudza inoenderana nekuzadza Type.
Kuti ubatanidze zvinhu zvakasiyana, tevera nhungamiro iyi: 'sarudza chinozadza kuti chienderane nezvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakanyanya.'Kubatanidza 304 kusvika 316, sarudza 316 filler.
Nehurombo, iyo 'match mutemo' ine zvakawanda zvakasarudzika zvekuti iri nani musimboti ndewe, Bvunza tafura yekusarudza simbi.Semuenzaniso, Type 304 ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa simbi yepasi, asi hapana anopa Type 304 electrode.
How weld Type 304 isina tsvina isina Type 304 electrode
Kuti weld Type 304 isina tsvina, shandisa Type 308 filler, sezvo mamwe maalloying zvinhu muType 308 anozodzikamisa nzvimbo yeweld.
Nekudaro, 308L zvakare inogamuchirwa yekuzadza.Zita rekuti 'L' mushure meRudzi rwupi zvarwo rinoratidza zvakaderera kabhoni.A Type 3XXL Stainless ine carbon content ye 0.03% or less, ukuwo standard Type 3XX Stainless inogona kuva nekabhoni yakawanda ye0.08%.
Nekuti Type L filler inowira mukati mechikamu chakafanana neicho chisiri-L chigadzirwa, vanogadzira vanogona, uye vanofanirwa kufunga zvakanyanya, vachishandisa Type L filler nekuti yakaderera kabhoni inoderedza njodzi ye intergranular corrosion issues.Muchokwadi, vanyori vanopokana Type L filler yaizoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana vanogadzira vakangogadzirisa maitiro avo.
Vagadziri vanoshandisa iyo GMAW maitiro vanogona zvakare kufunga nezve kushandisa Type 3XXSi filler, sezvo kuwedzera kwesilicon kunonatsiridza kunyorova kunze.Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo weld ine korona yakakwirira kana yakaoma, kana kuti iyo weld puddle haina kusungirirana zvakanaka pazvigunwe zvefillet kana lap joint, uchishandisa Si Type GMAW electrode inogona kutsvedzerera bead weld uye kukurudzira fusion iri nani.
Kana kunaya kwecarbide kuri kunetseka, funga nezve Type 347 filler, iyo ine shoma shoma ye niobium.
Maitiro ekupinza simbi isina tsvina kune kabhoni simbi
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoitika mumashandisirwo apo chikamu chimwe chechimiro chinoda huso hwekunze husingadziviriri hwakabatanidzwa kune kabhoni simbi structural element kudzikisa mutengo.Pakujoinha base material isina alloying element kune base material ine alloying elements, shandisa over-alloyed filler kuitira kuti dilution iri mukati me weld metal balances kana kuti yakanyanya kusanganiswa kupfuura Stainless base simbi.
Pakujoinha kabhoni simbi kuType 304 kana 316, pamwe nekubatanidza simbi dzisina tsvina, funga nezve Type 309L electrode kune akawanda maapplication.Kana yakakwira Cr yemukati ichidikanwa, funga Type 312.
Seyambiro, austenitic stainless steels anoratidza mwero wekuwedzera iyo inenge 50 per cent yakakura kudarika iyo carbon steel.Kana yabatanidzwa, mazinga akasiyana ekuwedzera anogona kukonzera kuputika nekuda kwekunetseka kwemukati kunze kwekunge iyo electrode yakakodzera uye welding process inoshandiswa.
Shandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirira weld yekuchenesa
Sezvimwe simbi, tanga wabvisa mafuta, girisi, mavanga uye tsvina ine non-chlorinated solvent.Mushure meizvi, mutemo wekutanga wekugadzira weld isina tsvina ndeye 'Dzivisa kusvibiswa kubva ku carbon steel kudzivirira kuora.'Mamwe makambani anoshandisa zvivakwa zvakaparadzana kune yavo 'stainless shop' uye 'carbon shop' kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwepakati.
Sarudza mavhiri ekukuya uye mabhurashi asina tsvina se 'stainless chete' paunenge uchigadzira micheto yewelding.Mamwe maitiro anodana kuchenesa mainji maviri kumashure kubva pajoinhi.Kugadzirira kwakabatana kunonyanya kukosha, sezvo kubhadhara kusawirirana ne electrode manipulation kwakaoma kupfuura nekabhoni simbi.
Shandisa iyo chaiyo post-weld yekuchenesa maitiro kudzivirira ngura
Kutanga, rangarira chinoita kuti simbi isina tsvina ishaye tsvina: kuita kwechromium neokisijeni kuumba chidziviriro chechromium oxide pamusoro pechinhu.Ngura isina tsvina nekuda kwekunaya kwecarbide (ona pazasi) uye nekuti iyo welding process inopisa iyo weld simbi kusvika pane iyo ferritic oxide inogona kuumba pamusoro peiyo weld.Kuruboshwe mune se-welded mamiriro, inonzwika inonzwika weld inogona kuratidza 'ngoro dzengoro dze ngura' pamiganhu yenzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa mukati meawa isingasviki makumi maviri nemana.
Kuitira kuti mutsetse mutsva wakachena chromium oxide unogona kunyatso gadziridza, simbi isina tsvina inoda post-weld kuchenesa nekupukuta, pickling, kugaya kana kukwesha.Zvakare, shandisa grinders nemabhurashi akazvipira kubasa.
Sei Stainless simbi welding waya magineti?
Fully austenitic Stainless simbi isiri-magnetic.Nekudaro, tembiricha yewelding inogadzira tsanga yakakura mukati meiyo microstructure, izvo zvinoita kuti weld iite-crack-sensitive.Kuti uderedze kunzwisiswa kune kupisa kupisa, vagadziri ve electrode vanowedzera alloying zvinhu, kusanganisira ferrite.Chikamu cheferrite chinoita kuti austenitic tsanga dzive dzakanyanya kunaka, saka weld inova isingaite kutsemuka.
Magineti haanamatira kune spool yeaustenitic stainless filler, asi munhu akabata magineti anogona kunzwa kudhonzwa zvishoma nekuda kweinochengetwa ferrite.Nehurombo, izvi zvinoita kuti vamwe vashandisi vafunge kuti chigadzirwa chavo chakanyorwa zvisirizvo kana kuti vari kushandisa isiriyo simbi yekuzadza (kunyanya kana vakabvarura label kubva padengu rewaya).
Nhamba chaiyo yeferrite mu electrode inoenderana nekupisa kwebasa rekushandisa.Semuenzaniso, ferrite yakawandisa inoita kuti weld irasikirwe nekuoma kwayo pakudziya kwakaderera.Saka, Type 308 filler yeLNG piping application ine nhamba yeferrite iri pakati pe3 ne6, zvichienzaniswa nenhamba ye8 yemhando yeType 308 filler.Muchidimbu, masimbi ekuzadza anogona kuita seakafanana pakutanga, asi misiyano midiki mukuumbwa yakakosha.
Pane nzira iri nyore yekubatanidza duplex simbi dzisina tsvina?
Kazhinji, duplex Stainless steels ane microstructure inosanganisira inenge 50% ferrite uye 50% austenite.Mukutaura kwakapfava, iyo ferrite inopa simba rakawanda uye kumwe kuramba kushushikana nekupwanya kwecorrosion uku iyo austenite ichipa kusimba kwakanaka.Zvikamu zviviri zvakasanganiswa zvinopa duplex simbi midziyo yavo inoyevedza.Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze duplex simbi dzisina tsvina dziripo, uye dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dziri Type 2205;iyi ine 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum uye 0.15% nitrogen.
Kana welding duplex Stainless simbi, matambudziko anogona kumuka kana weld simbi iine ferrite yakawandisa (kupisa kunobva kuarc kunoita kuti maatomu azvironge ega mune ferrite matrix).Kuripa, simbi dzekuzadza dzinoda kusimudzira chimiro che austenitic chine alloy yemukati, kazhinji 2 kusvika 4% yakawanda nickel pane mu base simbi.Semuenzaniso, flux-cored waya yewelding Type 2205 inogona kunge iine 8.85% nickel.
Inodiwa ferrite yemukati inogona kubva pa25 kusvika 55% mushure mewelding (asi inogona kunge yakakwira).Ziva kuti mwero wekutonhodza unofanirwa kunonoka zvekutendera kuti austenite ichinje, asi kwete kunonoka kugadzira zvikamu zvemukati metallic, kana kukurumidza kugadzira ferrite yakawandisa munzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa.Tevedzera nzira dzakakurudzirwa nemugadziri weiyo weld process uye filler simbi yakasarudzwa.
Kugadziriswa kwezviyereso kana welding simbi isina tsvina
Kune vanogadzira vanogaro gadzirisa ma parameter (voltage, amperage, arc kureba, inductance, pulse wide, etc) kana vachipinza simbi isina simbi, anowanzo konzeresa haaenderani kuumbwa kwesimbi yekuzadza.Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwezvinhu zvealloying, misiyano yakawanda-kune-mijenya mukuumbwa kwemakemikari inogona kuve nemhedzisiro inooneka pane weld performance, senge isina kunyorova kunze kana yakaoma slag kuburitswa.Kusiyana kwedhayamita ye electrode, kuchena kwepasi, kukanda uye helix kunokanganisawo kushanda muGMAW neFCAW application.
Kudzora kudzora carbide kunaya mu austenitic Stainless simbi
Pane tembiricha iri pakati pe426-871degC, kabhoni yemukati inopfuura 0.02% inotamira kumiganhu yezviyo yeaustenitic chimiro, kwainopindirana nechromium kuumba chromium carbide.Kana iyo chromium yakasungwa nekabhoni, haiwanikwe yekudzivirira ngura.Kana yaiswa munzvimbo ine ngura, intergranular corrosion inobuda, ichibvumira miganhu yezviyo kudyiwa.
Kuti udzore kunaya kwecarbide, chengeta kabhoni yemukati yakaderera sezvinobvira (0.04% yepamusoro) newelding ine low-carbon electrodes.Carbon inogonawo kusungwa ne niobium (yaimbova columbium) uye titanium, ine hukama hwakasimba hwekabhoni kupfuura zvinoita chromium.Type 347 electrodes inogadzirirwa chinangwa ichi.
Nzira yekugadzirira sei hurukuro pamusoro pekusarudza simbi yekuzadza
Pazvishoma, unganidza ruzivo pamusoro pekupedzisira-kushandiswa kwechikamu chakashongedzwa, kusanganisira nharaunda yebasa (kunyanya tembiricha yekushanda, kuratidzwa kune zvinoparadza zvinhu uye dhigirii reinotarisirwa kuramba kusvibiswa) uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hunodiwa.Ruzivo rwezvivakwa zvemuchina pamamiriro ekushanda rinobatsira zvakanyanya, kusanganisira simba, kuoma, ductility uye kuneta.
Vazhinji vevagadziri vemagetsi emagetsi vanopa mabhuku ekutungamira ekusarudza simbi yekuzadza, uye vanyori havagone kusimbisa pfungwa iyi: bvunza dhairekitori resimbi yekushandisa kana kubata nyanzvi dzemugadziri wehunyanzvi.Ivo varipo kuti vabatsire nekusarudza iyo chaiyo Stainless simbi electrode.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve TYUE's Stainless simbi yekuzadza simbi uye kubata nyanzvi dzekambani iyi kuti uwane mazano, enda ku www.tyuelec.com.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2022