Chinyorwa chino kubva kuWenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd. chinotsanangura zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza simbi dzinozadza simbi dzinoshandiswa pakunamira simbi isingasvibi.
Kugona kunoita kuti simbi isingatsvinyike ive inoyevedza - kugona kugadzirisa hunhu hwayo hwemakanika uye kuramba ngura uye oxidation - kunowedzerawo kuoma kwekusarudza simbi yakakodzera yekusanganisa simbi yekusanganisa. Kune chero musanganiswa wezvinhu zvepasi, chero mhando dzakasiyana dzema electrodes dzinogona kukodzera, zvichienderana nematambudziko emutengo, mamiriro ebasa, hunhu hwemakanika hunodiwa uye matambudziko akawanda ane chekuita nekusanganisa simbi.
Chinyorwa chino chinopa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi runodiwa kuti muverengi anzwisise kuoma kwenyaya yacho uye wobva wapindura mimwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevatengesi vesimbi dzinozadza. Chinoisa gwara rekusarudza simbi dzinozadza simbi dzisina ngura dzakakodzera - uye chobva chatsanangura zvese zvinosiyiwa pagwara iroro! Chinyorwa ichi hachitauri nezvenzira dzekuwelda, sezvo iri nyaya yeimwe nyaya.
Magiredhi mana, zvinhu zvakawanda zvekusanganisa
Kune mhando ina huru dzesimbi dzisina ngura:
austenitic
martensitic
ferritic
Duplex
Mazita acho anobva pachimiro chekristaro chesimbi chinowanzoonekwa patembiricha yemumba. Kana simbi ine kabhoni shoma ikapiswa pamusoro pe912degC, maatomu esimbi anogadziriswazve kubva pachimiro chinonzi ferrite patembiricha yemumba kuenda kuchimiro chekristaro chinonzi austenite. Pakutonhorera, maatomu anodzokera pachimiro chawo chepakutanga, ferrite. Chimiro chetembiricha yepamusoro, austenite, hachina magineti, ipurasitiki uye chine simba shoma uye ductility yakakura kupfuura chimiro chetembiricha yemumba cheferrite.
Kana chromium inopfuura 16% yawedzerwa musimbi, chimiro chekristalline chetembiricha yemumba, ferrite, chinogadzikana uye simbi inoramba iri muchimiro cheferritic patembiricha dzese. Saka zita rekuti ferritic stainless steel rinoshandiswa pachigadziko ichi chealloy. Kana chromium inopfuura 17% uye nickel ye7% yakawedzerwa musimbi, chimiro chekristalline chetembiricha yepamusoro chesimbi, austenite, chinogadzikana kuitira kuti chirambe chiripo patembiricha dzese kubva pakaderera kusvika pakuda kunyunguduka.
Simbi isina tsvina yeAustenitic inowanzonzi rudzi rwe'chrome-nickel', uye simbi dzemartensitic neferritic dzinowanzonzi 'straight chrome'. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa musimbi dzisina tsvina nesimbi dzeweld zvinoita seaustenite stabilizers uye zvimwe seferrite stabilizers. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveaustenite stabilizers i nickel, carbon, manganese uye nitrogen. Zvinhu zvinosimbisa ferrite i chromium, silicon, molybdenum uye niobium. Kuenzanisa zvinhu zvinosimbisa kunodzora huwandu hweferrite musimbi yeweld.
Magiredhi eAustenitic anonamirwa zviri nyore uye zvinogutsa kupfuura ane pasi pe5% nickel. Majoini eWeld akagadzirwa musimbi dzisina ngura dzeaustenitic akasimba, anochinjika uye akaomarara mumamiriro awo aakanamirwa. Haawanzodi kurapwa kwekupisa kwepamberi kana mushure mekunamirwa. Magiredhi eAustenitic anoumba inenge 80% yesimbi dzisina ngura dzakanamirwa, uye chinyorwa chino chekutanga chinotarisisa zvakanyanya paari.
Tafura 1: Mhando dzesimbi isina ngura uye huwandu hwayo hwechromium nenickel.
tstart{c,80%}
thead{Type|% Chromium|% Nickel|Type}
tdata{Austenitic|16 - 30%|8 - 40%|200, 300}
tdata{Martensitic|11 - 18%|0 - 5%|403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata{Ferritic|11 - 30%|0 - 4%|405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
tdata{Duplex|18 - 28%|4 - 8%|2205}
tevedzera{}
Maitiro ekusarudza simbi isina ngura yakakodzera
Kana zvinhu zvepasi zviri mumaplate ese ari maviri zvakafanana, nhungamiro yekutanga yaimbove yekuti, 'Tanga nekufananidza zvinhu zvepasi.' Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanaka mune dzimwe nguva; kuti ubatanidze Type 310 kana 316, sarudza Type yekuzadza inoenderana.
Kuti ubatanidze zvinhu zvakasiyana, tevera nhungamiro iyi: 'sarudza chizadziro chinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakanyanya.' Kuti ubatanidze 304 kusvika 316, sarudza chizadziro che316.
Zvinosuwisa kuti 'mutemo wekufananidza' une zvakawanda zvisingaitwe zvekuti musimboti uri nani ndewekuti, Tarisa tafura yekusarudza simbi yekuzadza. Semuenzaniso, Type 304 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira simbi isina ngura, asi hapana anopa electrode yeType 304.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa simbi yemhando ye304 isina simbi isina electrode yemhando ye304
Kuti uunganidze simbi isina tsvina yemhando yeType 304, shandisa chizadza cheType 308, sezvo zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi muType 308 zvichagadzirisa nzvimbo yekuunganidzira simbi zviri nani.
Zvisinei, 308L inokwanawo kuzadza. Chiratidzo che'L' chinoratidza kuti kabhoni yakaderera. Kabhoni yemhando ye3XXL ine kabhoni ye0.03% kana pasi, nepo kabhoni yemhando ye3XX inogona kuva nekabhoni yakawanda ye0.08%.
Nekuti chizadza cheType L chinowira muchikamu chimwe chete nechisiri cheL, vagadziri vanogona, uye vanofanira kufunga zvakanyanya, kushandisa chizadza cheType L nekuti kabhoni shoma inoderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvengura pakati pegranular. Kutaura zvazviri, vanyori vanoti chizadza cheType L chingashandiswa zvakanyanya dai vagadziri vakangogadzirisa maitiro avo.
Vagadziri vanoshandisa maitiro eGMAW vangangodawo kufunga nezvekushandisa Type 3XXSi filler, sezvo kuwedzerwa kwesilicon kunowedzera kunyorova. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo weld ine korona yakakwirira kana yakaoma, kana kuti dhadha reweld harina kubatana zvakanaka pazvigunwe zvefillet kana lap joint, kushandisa Si Type GMAW electrode kunogona kupfavisa weld bead uye kukurudzira kusanganiswa kuri nani.
Kana mvura iri mu carbide ichinetsa, funga nezve Type 347 filler, ine niobium shoma.
Maitiro ekusundira simbi isina ngura kusimbi yekabhoni
Izvi zvinoitika mukushandiswa uko chikamu chimwe chechivakwa chinoda chitarisiko chekunze chinodzivirira ngura chakabatanidzwa nechinhu chesimbi chekabhoni kuti mutengo uderedze. Pakubatanidza chinhu chepasi chisina zvinhu zvinobatanidza nechinhu chepasi chine zvinhu zvinobatanidza, shandisa chizadza chakasanganiswa zvakanyanya kuitira kuti kusanganiswa mukati mesimbi inonamira kana kuti kuve kwakabatana zvakanyanya kupfuura simbi isina ngura.
Pakubatanidza simbi yekabhoni kuType 304 kana 316, pamwe nekubatanidza simbi dzisina ngura dzakasiyana, funga nezve electrode yeType 309L pamashandisirwo mazhinji. Kana uchida Cr yakawanda, funga nezveType 312.
Sechenjedzo, simbi dzisina ngura dzinoshandiswa mu austenitic dzinoratidza mwero wekuwedzera wekuwedzera weinenge 50 muzana kupfuura wesimbi yekabhoni. Kana dzabatanidzwa, mwero wekuwedzera wakasiyana unogona kukonzera kutsemuka nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemukati kunze kwekunge nzira chaiyo ye electrode uye welding yashandiswa.
Shandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchenesa gadziriro yeweld
Sezvinoitwa nedzimwe simbi, tanga wabvisa oiri, mafuta, mavara netsvina uchishandisa chinhu chisina chlorine. Mushure meizvozvo, mutemo mukuru wekugadzira weld isina ngura ndewekuti 'Dzivisa kusvibiswa nesimbi yekabhoni kudzivirira ngura.' Mamwe makambani anoshandisa zvivakwa zvakasiyana se 'stainless shop' yavo uye 'carbon shop' kudzivirira kusvibiswa.
Sarudza mavhiri ekukuya nemabhurashi asingatsvedzeri se 'asina ngura chete' pakugadzirira mipendero yekuwedera. Mamwe maitiro anoda kuchenesa masendimita maviri kubva pajoini. Kugadzirira majoini kwakakoshawo, sezvo kugadzirisa kusawirirana nekushandiswa kwema electrode kwakaoma kupfuura nesimbi yekabhoni.
Shandisa nzira chaiyo yekuchenesa mushure mekusveta kuti udzivise ngura
Kutanga, yeuka chinoita kuti simbi isina tsvina ive isina chinhu: maitiro echromium neokisijeni kuti igadzire chromium oxide inodzivirira pamusoro pechinhu chacho. Inoita ngura nekuda kwemvura inonaya necarbide (ona pazasi) uye nekuti maitiro ekushongedza anopisa simbi yeweld kusvika panogona kuumbwa ferritic oxide pamusoro peweld. Kana yasiyiwa iri mumamiriro akabatana, weld yakanaka inogona kuratidza 'nzira dzengoro dzengura' pamiganhu yenzvimbo ine kupisa mukati memaawa asingasviki makumi maviri nemana.
Kuti jira idzva re chromium oxide yakachena rigone kugadziriswa zvakanaka, simbi isingatsvedzi inoda kucheneswa mushure mekukweshwa nekupukuta, kupukuta, kukuya kana kukwesha. Zvakare, shandisa magrinder nemabhurashi akatsaurirwa basa racho.
Sei waya yekuwedera yesimbi isina ngura iine magineti?
Simbi isina tsvina inogadzirwa ne austenitic haina magineti. Zvisinei, tembiricha yekuwelda inogadzira tsanga yakakura mu microstructure, izvo zvinoita kuti weld inzwe kutsemuka. Kuti vaderedze kutsemuka kunopisa, vagadziri vema electrode vanowedzera zvinhu zvinosanganisa alloying, kusanganisira ferrite. Chikamu cheferrite chinoita kuti tsanga dze austenitic dzive dzakapfava, saka weld inova yakasimba kudzivirira kutsemuka.
Magineti haabatirire pachikamu che austenitic stainless filler, asi munhu akabata magineti anogona kunzwa kudhonzwa zvishoma nekuda kweferrite yakachengetedzwa. Zvinosuwisa kuti izvi zvinoita kuti vamwe vashandisi vafunge kuti chigadzirwa chavo chakanyorwa zvisirizvo kana kuti vari kushandisa simbi isiriyo (kunyanya kana vakabvarura label kubva mubhasikiti rewaya).
Huwandu hwakakodzera hweferrite mu electrode hunoenderana nekupisa kwebasa rekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, ferrite yakawandisa inoita kuti weld irasikirwe nekusimba kwayo pakupisa kwakaderera. Saka, Type 308 filler yeLNG piping application ine nhamba yeferrite iri pakati pe3 ne6, zvichienzaniswa nenhamba yeferrite ye8 yestandard Type 308 filler. Muchidimbu, filler metals dzinogona kuita sedzakafanana pakutanga, asi misiyano midiki mukugadzirwa kwayo inokosha.
Pane nzira iri nyore here yekusanganisa simbi dzisina ngura mbiri?
Kazhinji, simbi dzisina tsvina mbiri dzine chimiro chidiki chine ferrite inosvika 50% uye austenite inosvika 50%. Muchidimbu, ferrite inopa simba rakawanda uye inodzivirira kupwanyika kwengura ukuwo austenite ichipa kusimba kwakanaka. Mativi maviri aya akabatana anopa simbi mbiri idzi hunhu hwadzo hwakanaka. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzisina tsvina mbiri dziripo, uye dzinonyanya kuwanikwa dziri Type 2205; iyi ine 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum uye 0.15% nitrogen.
Pakusanganisa simbi isina tsvina yeduplex, matambudziko anogona kumuka kana simbi yeweld iine ferrite yakawandisa (kupisa kubva kuarc kunoita kuti maatomu azvironge mu ferrite matrix). Kuti zvikwanisike, simbi dzinofanirwa kukurudzira austenitic structure ine alloy content yakawanda, kazhinji nickel yakawanda ne2 kusvika 4% kupfuura iri mu base metal. Semuenzaniso, flux-core waya yekusanganisa Type 2205 inogona kunge iine 8.85% nickel.
Huremu hweferrite hunodiwa hunogona kubva pa25 kusvika 55% mushure mekusveta (asi hunogona kukwira). Cherechedza kuti mwero wekutonhodza unofanirwa kunonoka zvakakwana kuti austenite igadzirike, asi kwete kunonoka zvekuti igadzire maphase epakati pemetallic, kana kukurumidza zvekuti igadzire ferrite yakawandisa munzvimbo ine kupisa. Tevedzera maitiro anokurudzirwa nemugadziri wekugadzirisa weld uye simbi yekuzadza yakasarudzwa.
Kugadziriswa kwema parameters pakusanganisa simbi isina ngura
Kune vagadziri vanogara vachigadzirisa ma parameter (voltage, amperage, arc length, inductance, pulse width, nezvimwewo) pavanenge vachibatanidza simbi isingatsvi, chinhu chinonyanya kukonzera kusawirirana kwe filler metal composition. Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwe alloying elements, kusiyana kwe lot-to-lot mu chemical composition kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro inooneka pa weld performance, senge wet out isina kunaka kana kuoma kwekuburitsa slag. Kusiyana kwe electrode diameter, surface cleanness, cast uye helix kunokanganisawo mashandiro mu GMAW ne FCAW applications.
Kudzora kudonha kwecarbide musimbi isina tsvina ye austenitic
Pakupisa kuri pakati pe426-871degC, huwandu hwekabhoni hunopfuura 0.02% hunotamira kumiganhu yetsanga yechimiro che austenitic, uko inopindirana ne chromium kuumba chromium carbide. Kana chromium yakabatana nekabhoni, haigone kudziviswa netsanga. Kana yaiswa munzvimbo ine ngura, ngura yepakati pegranular inoguma, zvichiita kuti miganhu yetsanga idyiwe.
Kuti udzore mvura inonaya mucarboni, chengetedza huwandu hwecarboni hwakaderera sezvinobvira (0.04% yepamusoro) nekusanganisa nemaelectrode ane carboni shoma. Carbon inogonawo kusungirirwa ne niobium (yaimbonzi columbium) uye titanium, izvo zvine simba guru recarboni kupfuura chromium. Maelectrode emhando ye347 akagadzirwa nechinangwa ichi.
Maitiro ekugadzirira hurukuro pamusoro pekusarudza simbi yekuzadza
Zvishoma, unganidza ruzivo nezvekushandiswa kwechikamu chakasungirirwa, kusanganisira nzvimbo yebasa (kunyanya tembiricha yekushanda, kusangana nezvinhu zvinoparadza uye mwero wekurasika kwengura unotarisirwa) uye hupenyu hwebasa hwaunoda. Ruzivo nezvehunhu hwemakanika hunodiwa mumamiriro ekushanda hunobatsira zvikuru, kusanganisira simba, kusimba, ductility uye kuneta.
Vazhinji vevagadziri vema electrode vanotungamira vanopa mabhuku ekutungamira ekusarudza simbi yekuzadza, uye vanyori havagone kusimbisa zvakanyanya pfungwa iyi: tarisa gwara rekushandisa simbi yekuzadza kana kubata nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzemugadziri. Varipo kuti vabatsire pakusarudza electrode yesimbi isina tsvina yakakodzera.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve simbi dzeTSUE dzinoshandisa simbi dzisina ngura uye kuti ubvunze nyanzvi dzekambani kuti uwane mazano, enda pa www.tyuelec.com.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2022